See stundō on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "stundōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "stound"
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "stownd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "stound"
},
{
"descendants": [
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{
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{
"lang": "Scots",
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"descendants": [
{
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "stownd"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "stond"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "stund"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "stuwn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "stuuns"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
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}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"sense": "rare",
"word": "Stúunde"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"m or f"
],
"word": "stûne"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "stunde"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "stuwn"
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{
"descendants": [
{
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"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
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"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Stuunde"
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{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
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"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
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"word": "stuuns"
}
],
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"sense": "rare",
"word": "Stúunde"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"m or f"
],
"word": "stûne"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "stund"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stunn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünne"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünn"
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],
"lang": "Low German",
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"word": "Stund"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "Stunn"
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{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünne"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünn"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stunn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stunn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünne"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünn"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stunne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stunn"
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{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünne"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünn"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stunde"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
"lang": "German Low German",
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"word": "Stünne"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
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],
"lang": "Low German",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
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},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
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"word": "Stünn"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
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"word": "Stünne"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German Low German",
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"word": "Stunn"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
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"word": "Stünne"
},
{
"lang": "German Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünn"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Stünde"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "stunde"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "stonde"
}
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"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "stond"
}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "stont"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "stunda"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
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},
{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
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"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
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},
{
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},
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"borrowed"
],
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{
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"borrowed"
],
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"borrowed"
],
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},
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"borrowed"
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"borrowed"
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},
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}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "Stund"
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{
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}
],
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},
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "stunda"
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "sztënja"
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],
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"word": "Stunde"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "shtund",
"word": "שטונד"
}
],
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"word": "stunde"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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{
"lang": "Alemannic German",
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"tags": [
"Alsace"
],
"word": "Stund"
},
{
"lang": "Bavarian",
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},
{
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},
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"borrowed"
],
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"word": "שטונדע"
},
{
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "stunda"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "sztënja"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Stunde"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
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"roman": "shtund",
"word": "שטונד"
}
],
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}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
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}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*stundu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "is",
"word": "stund"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
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},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "stund"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
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{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
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"word": "stund"
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{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "tunti"
}
],
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"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "stund"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "stund"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "stund"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "estondee"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "ètondée"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "estona"
},
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "stonda"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "stonda"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "istunda"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "stunda"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*stunda"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "*stunda",
"word": "*𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "*standaną<alt:*stand->",
"4": "*-ō<id:noun>",
"id": "mark"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*steh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*standaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"o-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*stundō\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }\" data-id=\"mark\" data-lang=\"gem-pro\" data-title=\"*stundō\" id=\"Proto-Germanic:_mark\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ō<id:noun>"
},
"expansion": "*-ō",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A nominal zero-grade derivative in *-ō of *standaną (“to stand”). The ablaut grade shows that the root *stand- ~ *stund- existed in pre-Germanic times.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stundǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*stundō f",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stundō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "standaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mark, marker"
],
"id": "en-stundō-gem-pro-noun-NvnTZSzy",
"links": [
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"marker",
"marker"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 54 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 53 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ō (noun)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"point in time"
],
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{
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"id": "mark"
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"name": "etymon"
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{
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"name": "af"
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A nominal zero-grade derivative in *-ō of *standaną (“to stand”). The ablaut grade shows that the root *stand- ~ *stund- existed in pre-Germanic times.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
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},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
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"tags": [
"class"
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},
{
"form": "stundō",
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundôz",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundō",
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"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "stundôz",
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"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stundǭ",
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},
{
"form": "stundōz",
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"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōz",
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundǫ̂",
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōi",
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "stundōmaz",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*stundō f",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stundō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "standaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mark, marker"
],
"links": [
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"marker",
"marker"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"point in time"
],
"links": [
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"period of time"
],
"links": [
[
"period",
"period"
],
[
"time",
"time"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstun.dɔː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Proto-Germanic language#Pre-Proto-Germanic (Pre-PGmc)"
],
"word": "stundō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stundō meaning in All languages combined (14.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.